Add helper functions to create US standard atmosphere.

One of the standard atmosphere models is the US Standard Atmosphere - this is what is implemented in AIRES, and was copied by hand into the vertical_EAS example without the name (shown below) and has since been copied into almost every other example (lots of code duplication). This MR implements a helper function that can be used US Standard atmospheres quickly.

It also implements an implements_mixin utility that can be used to check whether TEnvironmentInterface satisfies one of the media mixins (i.e. refractivity, magnetic fields, etc.) - I didn't see any existing check for this but let me know if I missed it. This is used to optionally add the US Standard refractivity if the interface calls for a refractive index.

This code turns the following code that is used in every example:

auto builder = make_layered_spherical_atmosphere_builder<
      setup::EnvironmentInterface, MyExtraEnv>::create(center,
                                                       constants::EarthRadius::Mean,
                                                       Medium::AirDry1Atm,
                                                       Vector{rootCS, 0_T, 50_uT, 0_T});
  builder.setNuclearComposition(
      {{Code::Nitrogen, Code::Oxygen},
       {0.7847f, 1.f - 0.7847f}}); // values taken from AIRES manual, Ar removed for now

  builder.addExponentialLayer(1222.6562_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 994186.38_cm, 4_km);
  builder.addExponentialLayer(1144.9069_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 878153.55_cm, 10_km);
  builder.addExponentialLayer(1305.5948_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 636143.04_cm, 40_km);
  builder.addExponentialLayer(540.1778_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 772170.16_cm, 100_km);
  builder.addLinearLayer(1e9_cm, 112.8_km);
  builder.assemble(env);

into

  create_us_standard_atmosphere<setup::EnvironmentInterface, MyExtraEnv>(
      env, center, constants::EarthRadius::Mean, Medium::AirDry1Atm,
      MagneticFieldVector{rootCS, 0_T, 50_uT, 0_T});

This is still a WIP and all comments are welcome for improvements and alternative ways to approach this.

examples/corsika.cpp

@@ -202,23 +202,12 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   EnvType env;
   CoordinateSystemPtr const& rootCS = env.getCoordinateSystem();
   Point const center{rootCS, 0_m, 0_m, 0_m};
-  auto builder = make_layered_spherical_atmosphere_builder<
-      setup::EnvironmentInterface, MyExtraEnv>::create(center,
-                                                       constants::EarthRadius::Mean,
-                                                       Medium::AirDry1Atm,
-                                                       MagneticFieldVector{rootCS, 0_T,
-                                                                           50_uT, 0_T});
-  builder.setNuclearComposition(
-      {{Code::Nitrogen, Code::Oxygen},
-       {0.7847, 1. - 0.7847}}); // values taken from AIRES manual, Ar removed for now
-
-  builder.addExponentialLayer(1222.6562_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 994186.38_cm, 2_km);
-  builder.addExponentialLayer(1222.6562_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 994186.38_cm, 4_km);
-  builder.addExponentialLayer(1144.9069_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 878153.55_cm, 10_km);
-  builder.addExponentialLayer(1305.5948_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 636143.04_cm, 40_km);
-  builder.addExponentialLayer(540.1778_g / (1_cm * 1_cm), 772170.16_cm, 100_km);
-  builder.addLinearLayer(1e9_cm, 112.8_km);
-  builder.assemble(env);
+
+  // build a Linsley US Standard atmosphere into `env`
+  create_5layer_atmosphere<setup::EnvironmentInterface, MyExtraEnv>(
+      env, AtmosphereId::LinsleyUSStd, center, Medium::AirDry1Atm,
+      MagneticFieldVector{rootCS, 0_T, 50_uT, 0_T});
+
   /* === END: SETUP ENVIRONMENT AND ROOT COORDINATE SYSTEM === */
 
   ofstream atmout("earth.dat");
@@ -233,8 +222,6 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 
   /* === START: CONSTRUCT PRIMARY PARTICLE === */
 
-  /* === START: CONSTRUCT PRIMARY PARTICLE === */
-
   // parse the primary ID as a PDG or A/Z code
   Code beamCode;