Can you please try, if the testUrQMD works, if you set by hand the path CORSIKA_DATA to the location of the corsika-data repository? Normally this would be where you have the corsika8 code in den "Data" subdirectory.
For the testCorsikaFenv: you need to submit a more complete report. System, compilers, version numbers, etc.
Those 3 are strong indicators that you have not set your CORSIKA_DATA environment variable. It is not great that this is needed (we have to change that) but currently you have to do
export CORSIKA_DATA=<place where you corsika git repo is>/Data